Coffee culture is a set of social traditions and behaviors that surround coffee consumption, especially as a social lubricant. The term also refers to the cultural dissemination and adoption of coffee as a widely consumed incentive. At the end of the twentieth century, espresso became an increasingly dominant beverage, contributing to the cultivation of coffee, especially in the Western world and other urbanized centers around the world.
The culture around coffee and coffee shops dates back to 16th century Turkey. Cafes in Western Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean were not only social centers but also artistic and intellectual centers. Les Deux Magots in Paris, now a popular tourist attraction, was once associated with intellectuals Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir. At the end of the 17th and 18th centuries, cafes in London became popular meeting places for artists, writers, and socialites, as well as centers for political and commercial activities. In the 19th century, a special café culture developed in Vienna, the Viennese café, which later spread throughout Central Europe.
The elements of modern cafés include a slow-paced gourmet service, alternative brewing techniques, and a welcoming décor.
In the United States, coffee cultivation is often used to describe the ubiquitous presence of espresso stands and cafes in metropolitan areas, along with the spread of massive, international franchises such as Starbucks. Many cafes offer free wireless internet access for guests, encouraging business or personal work in these locations. Coffee culture varies by country, state, and city. For example, the power of coffee-style coffee culture in Australia explains the negative impact of Starbucks on the continent.
In urban centers around the world, it is not uncommon to see several espresso shops and stands within walking distance of each other or in opposite corners of the same intersection. The term coffee culture is also used in popular business circles to describe the profound impact of market penetration of coffee serving units.
Coffeehouses
A cafe or cafe is a unit that serves primarily coffee as well as other beverages. Historically, cafes have been important places for a social gatherings in Europe and continue to be places of social interaction today. In the 16th century, cafes were temporarily banned in Mecca for fear of attracting political revolt.
In 2016, Albania surpassed Spain as the country with the most cafes per capita in the world. In fact, there are 654 cafes per 100,000 inhabitants in Albania; a country with only 2.5 million inhabitants.
China's coffee culture has multiplied over the years: Shanghai alone has about 6,500 cafes, including small chains and larger corporations such as Starbucks.
In addition to coffee, many cafés also serve tea, sandwiches, pastries, and other light soft drinks. Some cafes offer other services, such as wired or wireless internet access (name, internet café, has been transferred to stores that offer wireless internet services) for their customers. This has spread to a type of cafe known as LAN Café, which allows users to access computers that already have computer games installed.
Social aspects
Many social aspects of coffee can be seen in the modern lifestyle. In absolute terms, the United States is the largest coffee market, followed by Germany and Japan. Canada, Australia, Sweden, and New Zealand are also major coffee-consuming countries. The Nordic countries consume the most coffee per capita, with Finland usually ranking first, with a per capita consumption of 12 kg per year, followed by Norway, Iceland, Denmark, and Sweden. Consumption has increased considerably in recent years in the UK, which traditionally consumes tea, but is still under 5 kg per person per year since 2005. Turkish coffee is popular in Turkey, the eastern Mediterranean, and south-eastern Europe.
The cafe's culture had a strong cultural penetration in much of the former Ottoman Empire, where Turkish coffee remains the dominant style of preparation. Coffee enjoyed in the Ottoman Middle East was produced in Yemen/Ethiopia, despite multiple attempts to ban the substance for its stimulating qualities. Until 1600, coffee and cafes were an important feature of Ottoman life. There are different scientific perspectives on the functions of the Ottoman cafe. Many of them claim that Ottoman cafes were centers of an important social ritual, making them as, or more important than, the coffee itself. "At the beginning of the modern era, cafes were places to renegotiate the social hierarchy and to challenge the social order".
Coffee has been important in Austrian and French culture since the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Cafés in Vienna are prominent in Viennese culture and are known internationally, while Paris played a key role in the development of the "cafe society" in the first half of the twentieth century.
The culture of the Viennese cafe then spread to Central Europe. Scientists and artists met in the special microcosm of Viennese cafes in the Habsburg Empire. Artists, musicians, intellectuals, living, and their financiers met in the cafe and discussed new projects, theories, and worldviews. A lot of information was also obtained in the cafe, as local and foreign newspapers were available free of charge to all guests. This multicultural atmosphere and culture was largely destroyed by later socialism and communism and persisted only in individual places that remained in the historical flow, such as Vienna or Trieste. Trieste in particular has been and is an important point of reference in terms of coffee cultivation, as it is the most important port and location for coffee processing in Central Europe and Italy. In this diverse coffee culture in the multicultural Habsburg Empire, different types of coffee preparation have also developed. This is how the famous cappuccino from Viennese Kapuziner coffee developed through the Italian-speaking parts of the empire in northern Italy.
In France, coffee consumption is often seen as a social activity and exists largely in the culture of the café. Espresso-based drinks, including but not limited to café au lait and café crema, are the most popular in modern French coffee culture.
Especially in Northern Europe, coffee parties are a popular form of entertainment. The host of the coffee party also serves cakes and pastries, which are sometimes homemade. In Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, and the Nordic countries, strong black coffee is also consumed regularly during or immediately after main meals, such as lunch and dinner, and several times a day at work or school. In these countries, especially Germany and Sweden, restaurants and cafes will often offer free refills of black coffee, especially if customers buy a sweet drink or pastry. In the United States, cafes are commonly used as meeting places for business and are frequented as meeting places for young adults.
Coffee has played an important role in history and literature because of the effects of industry on the crops in which it is produced and consumed. Coffee is often considered one of the primary economic goods used in imperial control of trade. Colonized trade patterns of goods, such as slaves, coffee, and sugar, have defined Brazilian trade for centuries. Coffee in culture or trade is a central theme and obviously mentioned in poetry, fiction, and regional history.
Coffee utensils
- Coffee grinder
- Coffee pot, for brewing with hot water, made of glass or metal
- Coffeemaker
- Coffee cup, for drinking coffee, usually smaller than a teacup in North America and Europe
- Saucer placed under the coffee cup
- Coffee spoon, usually small and used for stirring the coffee in the cup
- Coffee service tray, to place the coffee utensils on and to keep the hot water from spilling onto the table
- Coffee canister, usually airtight, for storing coffee
- Water kettle, or coffee kettle, for heating the water
- Sugar bowl, for granular sugar or sugar lumps or cubes
- Cream pitcher or jug, also called a creamer, for fresh milk or cream
Coffee break
A coffee break is a routine social gathering for a snack or for short periods of downtime by employees in various industries. It is believed to have originated in the late 19th century by the wives of Norwegian immigrants in Stoughton, Wisconsin, and is celebrated there every year with the Stoughton Coffee Break Festival. In 1951, Time Magazine noted that "since the war, the coffee break has been enshrined in union contracts." Subsequently, the term became popular through a 1952 advertising campaign by the Pan American Coffee Bureau, which urged consumers to "take a coffee break - and get what your coffee gives you." John B. Watson, a behavioral psychologist who worked with Maxwell House later in his career, helped popularize coffee breaks in American culture.
By country
Albania
In 2016, Albania overtook Spain, becoming the country with the most per capita cafes in the world. There are 654 cafes per 100,000 inhabitants in Albania, a country with only 2.5 million inhabitants. This is due to the closure of cafes in Spain due to the economic crisis, while Albania had an equal amount of opening and closing cafes. Also, the fact that it is one of the easiest ways to earn a living after the fall of communism in Albania, together with the country's Ottoman heritage, further strengthens the strong dominance of the national coffee culture.
Esperantujo
In Esperanto culture, a gufujo is a non-smoking, non-smoking, European-style makeshift cafe that opens in the evening. Esperanto speakers meet in a specified location, either in a rented space or in someone's house, and enjoy live music or readings with tea, coffee, pastries, etc. A cash payment, as expected, may be required in a real cafe. It is a calm atmosphere, in direct contrast to the wild parties that other Esperanto speakers might have elsewhere. The owls were originally intended for people who don't like crowds, loud noise and partying.
Italy
In Italy, locals drink coffee at the counter, as opposed to taking it by mouth. Italians serve espresso as the default coffee, do not flavor espresso, and traditionally never drink cappuccino after 11 o'clock. In fact, dairy-based espresso drinks are usually enjoyed only in the morning. The oldest cafe in Italy is Caffe Florian in Venice.
In terms of coffee consumption, the city of Trieste is a specialty, because the typical people of Trieste drink an average of 1500 cups of coffee a year. That is about twice the amount that is usually drunk in Italy.
Japan
In 1888, the first cafe in Japan, known as Kahiichakan, opened. Kahiichakan means a cafe that offers coffee and tea.
In the 1970s, many kissaten (tea cafes) appeared around the Tokyo area, such as Shinjuku, Ginza, and in popular student areas, such as Kanda. These kissaten were centralized in the real estate areas around the stations, with about 200 stores in Shinjuku alone. Globalization led to the emergence of coffee chains in the 1980s. In 1982, the All Japan Coffee Association (AJCA) declared that there were 162,000 stores in Japan. The volume of imports doubled from 1970 to 1980 from 89,456 to 194,294 tons.
Sweden
Swedes have fika, often with pastries, although coffee can be replaced with tea, juice, lemonade, hot chocolate, or pumpkin for children. The tradition has spread to Swedish businesses around the world. Fika is a social institution in Sweden and the practice of taking a break with a drink and snack is widely accepted as central to Swedish life. Being a common practice in the middle of the morning and in the mid-afternoon at work in Sweden, fika can also function in part as an informal meeting between co-workers and management and can even be considered rude not to join. . a meeting room or a designated fika room. A sandwich, fruit, or a small meal can be called fika as the English concept of afternoon tea.
Hong Kong
In the 1920s, most wealthy people or those with higher socioeconomic status could afford coffee, while ordinary people could rarely afford the drink, which was more expensive than traditional drinks.
Yuenyeung (coffee with tea) was invented in Hong Kong in 1936.
Education and research
n The American course called "Design of Coffee" is part of the chemical engineering program at the University of California, Davis. At the beginning of 2017, a research facility dedicated to coffee research was being developed on the UC Davis campus.
Trieste is the headquarters of the University del Caffe, founded in 1999 by Illy. This competence center was created to spread the culture of quality coffee through training around the world, to train Barrista, and to carry out research and innovations.